Cancer tests are essential diagnostic evaluations used to detect the presence of cancer, determine its type, stage, and spread, and monitor the effectiveness of treatment. These tests help healthcare providers develop appropriate treatment plans and manage patient care. Common cancer tests include:

1. Imaging Tests:

   • X-rays: Useful for detecting bone cancer or lung cancer.
   • Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: Provides detailed cross-sectional images of the body to detect tumors and assess their size and spread.
   • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of soft tissues, helping to detect brain, spinal cord, and other cancers.
   • Ultrasound: Uses sound waves to create images of internal organs, useful for detecting tumors in the abdomen, pelvis, and other areas.
   • Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan: Uses a radioactive substance to detect active cancer cells, often combined with a CT scan (PET-CT).

2. Biopsy:

   • Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA): Uses a thin needle to remove a small sample of tissue or fluid from a suspicious area for examination under a microscope.
   • Core Needle Biopsy: Uses a larger needle to remove a core of tissue for more extensive analysis.
   • Surgical Biopsy: Involves removing a part or all of a suspicious lump or area during surgery for examination.

3. Blood Tests:

   • Complete Blood Count (CBC): Measures the levels of different blood cells, which can indicate blood cancers such as leukemia or lymphoma.
   • Tumor Markers: Measures the levels of specific substances produced by cancer cells in the blood. Common tumor markers include:
     • Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA): Elevated levels may indicate prostate cancer.
     • CA-125: Elevated levels may indicate ovarian cancer.
     • CA 19-9: Elevated levels may indicate pancreatic cancer.
     • Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA): Elevated levels may indicate colorectal cancer and other cancers.
     • Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP): Elevated levels may indicate liver cancer or germ cell tumors.

4. Genetic Tests:

   • BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations: Testing for these gene mutations can indicate an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancers.
   • Lynch Syndrome (HNPCC) Testing: Genetic testing for mutations associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer and other cancers.

5. Molecular and Genetic Profiling:

   • Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS): Analyzes genetic mutations and alterations in cancer cells to guide targeted therapy and personalized treatment plans.

6. Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy: Removes a sample of bone marrow tissue to diagnose blood cancers such as leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma.

7. Endoscopy:

   • Colonoscopy: Examines the colon and rectum for polyps or cancer.
   • Gastroscopy: Examines the stomach and upper gastrointestinal tract for cancer.
   • Bronchoscopy: Examines the airways and lungs for cancer.

At AMMA DIAGNOSTIC CENTRE, we offer a comprehensive range of cancer tests to aid in the early detection, diagnosis, and management of cancer. Our experienced team uses advanced technologies and techniques to provide accurate and timely results, along with personalized treatment recommendations based on your test results.