Blood Grouping Test:

Blood grouping, also known as blood typing, is a test that determines a person's blood type. This information is essential for safe blood transfusions, organ transplants, and pregnancy management. The two main blood group systems are the ABO system and the Rh system.

  1. ABO Blood Group System: Determines the presence or absence of two antigens, A and B, on the surface of red blood cells. There are four possible blood types in this system:

    • Type A: Has A antigens on the surface of red blood cells and anti-B antibodies in the plasma.
    • Type B: Has B antigens on the surface of red blood cells and anti-A antibodies in the plasma.
    • Type AB: Has both A and B antigens on the surface of red blood cells and no anti-A or anti-B antibodies in the plasma. This is the universal recipient type.
    • Type O: Has no A or B antigens on the surface of red blood cells but has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma. This is the universal donor type.

  2. Rh Blood Group System: Determines the presence or absence of the Rh antigen (also known as the Rh factor or D antigen) on the surface of red blood cells. There are two possible blood types in this system:

    • Rh-positive (Rh+): Has the Rh antigen on the surface of red blood cells.
    • Rh-negative (Rh-): Does not have the Rh antigen on the surface of red blood cells.

Blood Grouping Procedure:

  1. Sample Collection: A blood sample is collected from the patient.
  2. Antigen Testing: The blood sample is mixed with antibodies against A and B antigens. The reaction (agglutination or clumping) helps determine the presence of A and B antigens.
  3. Rh Testing: The blood sample is also tested with anti-Rh antibodies to determine the presence of the Rh antigen.

Clinical Importance:

  • Blood Transfusions: Ensures compatibility between donor and recipient blood, preventing adverse reactions.
  • Pregnancy: Helps manage Rh incompatibility, which can lead to hemolytic disease of the newborn if the mother is Rh-negative and the baby is Rh-positive.
  • Transplants: Ensures compatibility for organ and tissue transplants.

At AMMA DIAGNOSTIC CENTRE, we provide accurate and reliable blood grouping services. Our experienced team ensures precise results, which are crucial for safe medical procedures and treatments.

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